Adding-machine.



No, 866,162. PATENTED SEPT. 17, 1907. F; H. RICHARDS.

ADDING MACHINE. nrmqnmn FILED-DEG. 20, 1900. xnuwnn ran. a, 1906.

a sinus-sum 1.

fizz/afar J/zfnesses.

PA TEWTED SEPT.' 17, 190?.

F; H. RICHARDS. ADDING MACHINE. A PPLIOATIOH-IXLBD 320.20, 1900. snxnwnn ran. a, 1006.

a iauws-smm 2.

i with the indicating mechanism, and the latter is fixed 2 is a transverse vertical section on the ably three, and of the same size as 18, 19, 20, each set being mounted at equi-distant points about the inside nNIT ATES- FRANCIS II. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNE OF ONE-HALF TO .llfilih EY.

PATENT OFFICE.

(.TICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY'MES'NE ASSIGNMENTS, AMERICAN TYPOGRAPHIC CORPORATION, A. CORPORATION OF NEW ADDING-MACHINE. e

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December 20, 1900, Serial No. 40,572- Renewed February 3,

Patented Sept. 17, 1907.

1906. Serial No. 299,298.

7:0 all whom it may coficern:

Be it. known that I, FRANCIS H. RIcnARDs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Adding-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in adding-machines such as are shown in my Patent No. 590,277, dated September 21', L897. and has for its principal 0bjocts the provision of improved drivingmechanism and means for controlling the same. I I

in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an adding-machine embodyingmy present invention, parts of the casing being broken away. Fig.

line a,a of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is. a horizontaL section on the line bb of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the key levers and bars cooperating therewith. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are side elevations of a controlling device and its stop in three different positions. Fig. Bjs'a top plan view of Fig. 6. Figs. 9, 10, 'and 11 are, respectively, an end elevation, side. elevatio'nand a section of one of the driving-gears showing its frictional'connection with the v shaft; and Fig. 12 is a sectional detail offs of the indicating wheel.

Similar characters designate like nrcs of the drawings.

In some suitable casing, designated in a general way." by C, may be mounted a short shaft '10joi1rn a1ed in bearings 1112, the former on one side'thereof'aiid the latter in the web or support 13"cast with or secured to the inside of the casing. This shaft, which is. the main driving-shaft, has upon its outer end a pulley}; by which it may be rotated by the belt'from any suitable source of power, and a gear 15 for transmit-ting thisrotation to other elements of the machine. Preferably journaled with one end in a portion of the bearing 12 and the other in a bearing 16 in the opposite side of the casing is a shaft 17, upon and about which may be supported sets or gearing constituting the driying mechanisms or adding train for an indicating mechanisrn, designated as a whole by A, to be hereinafter described. These sets of gearing preferably consist of uniformly-placed pairs of bevel-gears IS-l8, 1919,- and 20 -20, all of equal size, which are loose upon the shaft 17, except the outer ones 18 and 20. The former is held fast upon the shaft 17 and is connected thereby to'the casing. Meshing with these pairs of bevel-gears and spacing the intermediate ones apart are bevelgears 21, 22, and 23, .one or more in number but preferof equal sized annular spur-gears 21, 22, and 23, in the manner shown in Fig. 19 of the previously menbe formed by b nding over the a -movable stopor pallet is provided for each,

tie n. Each of the stops has its hub tioned patent, or otherwise, to rotate freely, and to revolve orbitally about the shaft 17, supported by the pairs of bevel-gears thereon. The several sets having their corresponding gears of the same size, each to each, constitute, therefore, interchangeable, sets" of driving mechanism.

Meshing with the gears 21, 22, 23" 25, 26 of equal diameter and fast upon shafts 24, 25, '26, respectively, which extend transversely of the casing and are journaled therein at points eqni-distant from the shaft 10. These three shafts each carry a gear 27, all of equal diameter and meshing with the main driving-gear 15. The gears 27 are loose upon their shafts but are given some frictional engagement therewith. This maybe effected by placing at one side ofthe gear a disk 28 fast upon the shaft, and upon the other side a loose ring 29 about a threaded portion upon which are are spur-gears 24,

a nut 30 and a; lock-nut Between the inner faces of are. two disks and the faces of the terposed washers orrings 29 of any suitable material, fiber, for example. By varying theposition of the note the frictional engagement of the gears with the shafts may be varied within the desired limits, and they are thus made to turn more or less easily thereon.

' As it is desired that the driving mechanisms shall be intermittently actuated and at the will of the operator, a controlling device is provided for each shaft 24/, 25,

gear-hub may be in-- 26, which is here shown as consisting of-oneor more .-arms or members projecting from hubs 32se'cured there- ..to.- The hub on the first named shaft is provided with four arms designated as 34, the second with two arms 35, the third with one arm 36. Each arm has at its end a projection 3'7 at one side thereof, which may end of the arm. As a selector for rendering any one'of these devices effective,

projects an upwordly extending portion 39 having two steps. or contact surfaces, an'upperflf) and a lower39 formed by projections from one-sideof the main porecured to a transverseshaft'AO suitably journaledn cho casing, their I designatedas a whole- S, consisting of a hub 38 fromwhich position jth'ere'on being such thatithe projections 39 39 maybe moved .in thepath of the" projections 37 upon the arms, Iwhile the latter projection dn ex tend as far as thelportionii ig, of the stop.

1 Upon each 34 and 36 is stantially at 90 degrees with the portion 39 of the stops; I

42' has with which a rod pivotal 'c'onnection at one and; and at the other with one of twoselectonbarslying in the lower portion of the casing) Thehuir carrying the stop for the arms 35, which lies nesrjthe rear-of the casing, has a lever-arm 41', which is substantially at 180 degrees from the stop body, and its connecting-rod 41 of the hubs carrying the stops'for the arms a lev er arm fl, extending therefroms'ub;

I asis pivoted to the bell-crankleverilil' turning with a: -;a .nyr

transverse shaft 41. This leyer has its oth er arm pivotally connected by the. rod'41f to a third bar; These three bars 44, 45, and A6, which are'connected'respectively with the stops' -for the controlling devices/34, 35,-

and 36 are preferahlyjU-shaped, lying within one another and mounted to turn 'at their ends about a horizontal shaft 43 extending between the walls of the c asing; Preferably also mounted to turn upon the shaft the selector-hiya? teriding through"slo t's -in the front I of the casing and carryihg keys K, here shown as numbered from, l to fjrh the point of contact with the bars the lever'designated as 1 has adownward projection of such a size and sopositioned that this lever touches only the bar 45, while lever 2 is provided with aprojectiontouching only bar 44, leyer 3 bars 44 and 45, lever 4-bar 46, lever 5 ba'rs;4 5 and 46, lever 6- bars 44a d' llfiland-l ever 7 all threel'oars. Springs47 secured'to-theioas'ing and contacting'with' the under side of the levers-niaylt'be used to. hold them in a' normally raised position, while a single heavier spring'48 may serve the same'purpose for the selector-bars;" Upon the outside, of the easing'adjacent to the gear 2O is mounted soni italole form ofindicating deyice which may cons folio heel 49 jom'nale'd for rotation i i turn upon its outer face a ng 49"; ch itis connected a springarriedlby aipr jection secured to the ring and v one oi'a seriesoi holes in the outer edge of the whee ml. Thering bears upon its outer face a number o equal divisions, herein shown as 150, suitably numbered. Thewheel- 49'is provided with an internal spur-gear 50 meshing with apinion 51 upon a short shaft journaled in the casing, which has rotating with it ,a gear 52 in mesh with a gear 53 fast upon the shaft 17 with the bevel-gear 18 of the adding train. A v pointer 54 fined to the casing projects over the divi-.

' 'sions on the ring.

- In theoperation oi the machine, the main driving shaft being continually rotated by its pulley, the gears 27 are also continually rotated thereby, normally slipping between the disks and holding the projections 'on the controlling members in- Contact with the upper face 39 oltln: stops, as is shown in Fig. 5. If a key is depressed by the operatorexample, that numbered 1itwill force down the bar and through its connections will movothe stopaway from one of a the lour arms 34 su fliciently to perinit it to be carried hy the rotation of the shaft 24 into contact with the' face 39, as it is shown in Fig. 6. ,Then as the key is released'by the operator the springs will press the lever eeeo'r he eontr'olling'farmslthrgnglra quarter' turn ,will no ,diillBllilfW fueling under the pointer. n instead the'keylharfi been'pressed its projection would haveQeprssed-botlrthe and 45, releasing the controlling devices for thefirst and second Sets ol' the driving mechahism'constituting the gear train, the 'iouI-arlned member of the dormer permitting a quarter turn of. the gear 21 and the two-armed me1nberof the latter a hall turn of the gear 22. Both these 43 are k6yle\{ri L,'= Wl1lCl1 rest upon the upper edge of eff'ects will be transmitted to the gear 18, and as a result the indicator will be turned through three divisions. It may be readily seen that the depression of the various'other keys will produce similar effects, the selector-bars acted upon causing the release of one or more of the three controlling devices, and consequent movements of the driving mechanisms being permit- 7 ted through a quarter, a half, or a whole turn, and effecting the indicator. either separately or with their movements added to one another, the work done'by each of thesemechanisms being directly proportional lothe angle through which its controlling device turns, or inversely-proportional to the number of arms there of, I Thchiachine will thils go 011 indicating the sum of the' figures upon the keys pressed until the highest amount on the ring has-reachedthe pointer, when the urea added amounts to less than the highest indication, the ring may be-hrought back-under the pointer for another operation by withdrawing the springpin from the hole in the wheel and turning the ringlo'ack '95 until the pointer is' again over the zeromark, when ad- :dition may proceed as before, It will be seen thatby' so organizing the machine. that each controlling device turns ,through the same angle as thedrivihg mechanism it governs, or, as it may be stated, has a movement ,proporiionate to the work to be done by the associateddriving mechanism rather than toallow' all to have equal movements and then. gearing up torobtain the desired rotation of the driver, two important adyantagesare gained. First, the friction in the parts while work is being-done is substantially proportionate to the amount of said work, 7 so that there will be less wear, diminishing the cost of maintenance, and, second, since the similarlysituated 'or homologous gears of the driving mechanism and their coacting' elements are of equal diameter? they may be made" in sets, each having a n? ;nl e r' of equal size so that'there will he a less variety of parts to construct, thusvery greatly diminishing the cost of production. i

,Having thus described my invention, 1 claim 1. The combination of an, integrating irl1nl't;-,lndlcatlng d b 45 -d i 'm stopback wit .mechnnism .actuatable therefrom, a plurality of interforrner position, the projectionon the arm now slipping off the stop lace 39 at. its outer edge, asgis' shown Y in Fig, 7 and 'the shaft 24 rotating until the-next ofthe four'anns 24 contact with the upper stop face.

This movement of the shaft, which amountsto a rotation of {)0 dogma-s, will be transmitted through gears 24 and El to the first set of the train of gearing, rotating it with its companion 'scts'abuut tire fixed gear '20,- which movomontjwill be transmitted to the gear- 18 turning the shalt l7 and consequently the indicating device through one division, the intermediate gearing H5 illereolbeing so. proportion ed that the movement of changeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each designed to turn said shaft through a dllierent angle than llllQ'OlZllBl ;-a separate actuator for each said interchangeable mechanism, said actuators being grouped around the shat t; controllers associated with such actuators for er, mlttlng amounts or movement of the actuators directly pi'opoutignal to the angle through which the respective said mechanisms are deslgnedto turn the integrating shaft. 2;..Tl1e. combination of an integrating shaft; indlritlniz mechanism, actuata'nle therefrom; a plurality ,ot interchangeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each designed tn turn sald sllafl through a diflerent angle than, ,the others ;a separate actuator for each said 'intercliolngeable mechanism, said actuator! being grouped around the shaft; a'ndescapements auocllted with such actuators to:

'90. scale will again move under-it. If the s'um'of the fi g- 5 i" its.

permitting amounts of movement of the actuators directly proportional to the angle through which the respective said mechanisms are designed to turn the integrating shaft.

.i. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatable therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each designed to turn said shaft through a different angle than the others; a separate actuator for each said interchange able mechanism, said actuators being grouped around the shaft; controllers associated with such actuators for permitting amounts of movement of the actuators directly proportional to the angle through which the respective said mechanisms are designed to turn the integrating shaft; and a driver commonto all the actuators.

4. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatable therefrom; a plurality of inter changeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each designed to turn said shaft through a different angle than the others; a separate actuator for each said inter cha ngeable mechanism,.said actuators being grouped around the shaft; escapements associated with such actuators for permitting amounts of movement of the actuators directly proportional to the angle .through which the respective mechanisms are designedto turn the integrating shaft;

and a driver common to all ofthe actuators.

5. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatabletherefrom; a plurality of interchangeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each designed to turn said shaft through a different angle than the others; a separate actuator for each said interchangeahic mechanism, said actuators being grouped around the shal'l escapements associated with such actuators for permi ha amounts of movement of the actuators directly propoli'ionai to the angle through which the respective mechanisms are designed to turn the integrating shaft; and a driver common to all the actuators and from which such actuators are frictlonallydriven.

ii. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatabi e therefrom; a plurality of inter changeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each designed to turn said shaft through a different angle than lhc others; a scparate actuator for each said interchangeable mechanism, said actuators being grouped around the shaft; L ipoincnls associated with such actuators for permilling amounts of movement of the actuators directly proportional lo the angle through which the respective mechanisms are designed to turn the integrating shaft; a driver common to all the actuators and from which such aclualors are l'rictionally driven; and means for selectively operating the cscapements.

coilporalc with the St()pfl!'mS comprised in the escapement devices; and selective mechanisms.

H. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism aclualablc therefrom; a plurality of inter changeable mechanisms mounted on said shaft and each adaplcd to turn said shaft through a different angle than the others; a scparale actuator for each said interchangeable mechanisms, said actuators being grouped around the shall; cscnpementdeviccs associated with such actuators and each such device comprising a. dlfierent number of slopcirms than the others; .I driver corramou to all of said acluators and from which said a -lua arc irlci'ionaiiv driven vibratory stop members miapied to cooperate \viih lhc slop-arms; and sciociive mechanism.

The combination of an inle; 'rnllu;, shufi indicating mechanism :lrluaiablc lln-rcl'rom; n piurhlilv o'l' iulcrchangeable gears ouch-cling the shill! a limo hour; a gear ailacbcrl in said slml'l a lrulu ol' gearing orb-ruling from said lixrd grar lo vsaid goal allarlu'rl lo iii shall and ill'iil' :imblc :li dill'crl-ul poiuls by said cnvircllu: changeable hclualor n'curs ouch moshing with wil oi shill encircling gears; and controllers for movement of the respective actualor gears in an extent dependent upon the extent o movement lho rospoclivo on circling gears are designed lhave.

10. The combination of a1 integrating luechanism actuatabie tin-r rum: :1 plurulibv oi ihlnrchangeable gears encircling I'ic-shai'l'; a lixed gl'var: gear attached lo said shaft; :1 tra-n of'gcarina' cxlouding from said fixed gear to said gear attached to the shaft. and actuai'able at different points -y said encircling gears; inlerchangeable actuator gears each meshing with one of said encircling gears; and esmpements for permllllm: angular movement of the respective actuator gears to an extent dependent upon the extei-t of movement the respectlve encircling gears are designs: to have.

11. The combination of an integrating shaft; indication mechanism actnatabie thcrelram; a plurality of inlcr= changeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; 0 our attached to said shaft; a train of gearing ext ending from said fixed gear to said gear attached to the aim". and actuatable at different points by said encircling Ifllll'fll interchangeable actuator gears eachmeshlm: with om oi said encircling gears; and escapements comprising siop= arms the number of which depends on the extent of movement of the respective actuator gears.

12. The combination of an integrating shaft: indh-nilug mechanism actuatabie therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; a gear attached to said slraft; a train of gearing extending from said fixed gear to said gear attached to the shaft. and actuatable at different points by said encircling gears: interchangeable actuator gears each meshing with one of said encircling gears; escapements comprising stoparms, the number .of which depends on the extent of movementof the respective actuator gears; and a driver common to all of said actuator gears.

13. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatablc therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; a gear attached to the shaft; a train of gearing cxicndin from said fixed gear to said gear attached to the shaft .and actuatable at different points by said encircling gears; interchangeable actuator gears each meshing with one of said encircling gears; a shaft for each actuator gear; a spur-wheel on each shaft; a dri er with which all of said latter gears mesh; and cscapcmenl's; comprising stop-arms the number of which depends upon the exlonl of movement of the respective actuator sea 14. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatable therefrom; a plurality of friclionally driven interchangeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; a gear attached to the shaft; a lrain of gearing extending from said fixed gear to said gear attached to the shaft and actuatable at different points by said encircling gear; interchangeable actuator gears each meshing with one of said encircling gears; a shaft for each actuator gcarra spur-wheel on each shaft: :1 driver with which all of said latter gears mesh; and cscapemcnts comprising stop-arms the number of which depends upon the extent of movement of the respective actuator gears.

15. The combination of an integrating slmfi; indicaling mechanism actuaiahic therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; a gear allachcd to said shaft; :1 train of gearing extending from said lixcd gear to said gear attached to the shaft. and aciuaiable at different points by said encircling gears; inicrchangcablc actuator gears each meshing with one of said encircling gears, cscapcmcnls comprisingslop arms lllc number of which depends upon lhc cxll-nt ol' movclm-nl of the respective :lclualor gears: a driver common lo all of said actuator gears; and a (iliWi .shal'i \vhosc axis is coincident \vilh lilo axis oi. lilo inlrgraling shai'l.

permitting angular shal'l; indicating ll'l. 'l'lncombination u! an lulcizraliug shaft mechanism :iclualahic lhcrl-l'rom: a i|lllll;. 'l:lilil' gears encircling llm sllall :1 lixcd gear. a sour allal-hod in tho shall; Ir. ismillio ou-clmnism l'or cal-h said rucil'i'iing' gears comprising ]H\'li \\'ill'4i.\ mourned in lhv ouch-cling gear and a bcvcl lbl al each side,

plurality oi inlcrindicating for pcrmitting' angular movements of the actuator gears signed to have 1 each of which side gears is aflixed to the contiguous side tent of movement the respective encircling gears are delZ flfhe combination of an integrating "shaft; indicating echanism actuatabletherefrom; a plurality of, interchangcahle'gears encircling the shaft ;,a fixed gear; a gear atta'ched'toithe shaft; transmitting mechanismjor each I v I driver for'the actuator gears, a shaft for eachsaid a'ctu-' llJ the'cncircling ggar'and a bevel wheel at each side, each said' encircling gears comprising bevel 'wheels mounted ofwhich side gears is affixed to thecontiguons side gear of the adiaccnt encii'cling gear; interchangeable actuator gea 1's,;ench meshing w on e of'said encircl'inggears; and

cscapcmen'ts .forflpermitting angular movements of theactuatongea s dep ndent-upon the extent of movement :the respective enci ngjge'ars are designed to have:

; 18. .-'lhc combination of anintegrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatahle therefromrn plurality of interchangeable gears encircling the shatt; a fixed, gear; a gear ting mechanism for each the encircling gea'rizind a bevel wheel ateach side, each of which side gears is affixcd'to thecontiguous side gearcf the'fadjacentencircling gear; interchangeable actuator g'ears, each meshing with one of said encircling gears and escapements comprising stop arms, the number of which dcpendsxon the-exteut of movement of the actuator gears encirclinggears aredesigncd to have.

19. The combination of.an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actu atable therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable gearsencircling the shaft; a fixed gear a gear attachedto the shaft; transmitting mechanism for each said encircling. gears comprising 'bevel wheels mounted in the encircling gear and a bevel wheel at each side, each of which' side gears is afiixqdto the contiguous side gear of the adjacent encircling gear; interchangeable actuator gears; each meshing with one of said encircling gears; and escapeinents comprising stop arms; the number of which depends on the extent of movement of the actuator dependent upon the extent of movement the respective gears for permitting angular movement of the actuator gears dependent upon the extent of movement the respectivc encircling gears are designed to have, and a common driver for the actuator gears.

20. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatable therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; a gear attached to the 'shaft'; transmitting mechanism for each said encircling gears comprising bevel wheels mounted in the encircling gear and a bevel wheel at'each side, each of which'side gears is affixed to' the contiguous side gear of; 1

the adjacent. encircling gear; interchangeable actuator gears, each meshing with one of said encircling gears; and escapements comprising stop arms; the number of which depends on the extent 9t movement of the actuator gears for permittingangular'movements of the actuator gears dependent upon the extent of movement the respec:

-tive encircling gears "are/designed to have, a common ator 'gear,.and a gear wheelv on each shaft.

' 21. The combination of an integrating shaft indicating mechanism actuatable therefroin; a plurality of interchangeable; gears encircling the shaft a fixed gear a gear attached to the shaft; transmitting mechanism for each said encircling je ars comprising bevel wheels mounted in theencircling gear and a bevel wheel at each side, each of which side gears is affixed 'to the contiguous side gear of the adjacent encircling gear; frictionally driven interchangeable actuator gears, each meshing with one of said. i encircling gears; and cscapoments comprising stop arms; the number of which depends on the extent ofmovement of the actuator gears for permitting angular movements of the actuator gears dependent upon the extent of move *ment the respective encirclingegears are designed to have,

a commonalriyer for the actuator gears, a shaft for each I said actuator gear.- andagcar wheel on each shaft.

22. The combination of an integrating shaft; indicating mechanism actuatable therefrom; a plurality of interchangeable gears encircling the shaft; a fixed gear; a gear attached to the shaft; transmitting mechanism for each said. encircling gears comprising bevel wheels mounted in the encircling gear and a bevel whcelat each side, each of which side gears is affixed to the contiguous side gear of the adjacent encircling gear; frictionally driven .interchangeable actuator gcars each meshing with one of said encircling gears; and escapcments comprisingstop arms; the number of which depends on the extent of movement of'thc actuator gcars for permitting angular movements of the actuator gears dependent upon the extent of move ment the respective encircling gears are designed to have.

a common driver for the actuator gears, a shaft for each said actuator gear, a gear wheel on. each shaft, and a driver shaft whose axis is coincident with the axis of the Witnesses Firm). .Ti Donn, C. E. Voss. 

